![]() In 1944 he was wounded at Colmar and received the Croix de Guerre. Fanon left Algeria from Oran and served in France, notably in the battles of Alsace. He was later transferred to an army base at Béjaïa on the Kabylia coast of Algeria. He enlisted in the Free French army and joined an Allied convoy that reached Casablanca. After the pro-Vichy Robert regime was deposed in Martinique in June 1943, Fanon returned to Fort-de-France to join the newly created, all black 5e Bataillon de marche des Antilles. : 24 After three attempts, he made it to Dominica, but it was too late to enlist. At the age of seventeen, Fanon fled the island as a "dissident" (a term used for Frenchmen joining Gaullist forces), traveling to Dominica to join the Free French Forces. The abuse of the Martiniquan people by the French Navy influenced Fanon, reinforcing his feelings of alienation and his disgust with colonial racism. Residents made many complaints of harassment and sexual misconduct by the sailors. ![]() In the face of economic distress and isolation under the blockade, they instituted an oppressive regime Fanon described them as taking off their masks and behaving like "authentic racists". Forced to remain on the island, French sailors took over the government from the Martiniquan people and established a collaborationist Vichy regime. Martinique and World War II Īfter France fell to the Nazis in 1940, Vichy French naval troops were blockaded on Martinique. Fanon left Martinique in 1943, when he was 18 years old, in order to join the Free French forces. They could afford the fees for the Lycée Schoelcher, at the time the most prestigious high school in Martinique, where Fanon came to admire one of the school's teachers, poet and writer Aimé Césaire. His family was socioeconomically middle-class. Two of them died young, including his sister Gabrielle, to whom Frantz was very close. Frantz was the third of four sons in a family of eight children. His mother, Eléanore Médélice, was of Afro-Martinican and white Alsatian descent, and worked as a shopkeeper. His father, Félix Casimir Fanon, was a descendant of African slaves, and worked as a customs agent. He also helped found the field of institutional psychotherapy while working at Saint-Alban under François Tosquelles and Jean Oury.įrantz Fanon was born on the Caribbean island of Martinique, which was then a French colony and is now a French single territorial collectivity. ![]() ![]() He formulated a model for community psychology, believing that many mental health patients would do better if they were integrated into their family and community instead of being treated with institutionalized care. For more than five decades, the life and works of Fanon have inspired national liberation movements and other freedom and political movements in Palestine, Sri Lanka, South Africa, and the United States. In the course of his work as a physician and psychiatrist, Fanon supported the Algerian War of independence from France and was a member of the Algerian National Liberation Front. As well as being an intellectual, Fanon was a political radical, Pan-Africanist, and Marxist humanist concerned with the psychopathology of colonization and the human, social, and cultural consequences of decolonization. His works have become influential in the fields of post-colonial studies, critical theory, and Marxism. Double consciousness, colonial alienation, to become black, sociogenyįrantz Omar Fanon ( / ˈ f æ n ə n/, French: 20 July 1925 – 6 December 1961) was a Francophone Afro-Caribbean psychiatrist, political philosopher, and Marxist from the French colony of Martinique (today a French department).
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